Stimulant Reduction Intervention using Dosed Exercise (STRIDE) - CTN 0037: Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>There is a need for novel approaches to the treatment of stimulant abuse and dependence. Clinical data examining the use of exercise as a treatment for the abuse of nicotine, alcohol, and other substances suggest that exercise may be a beneficial treatment for stimulant abuse, with direct effects on decreased use and craving. In addition, exercise has the potential to improve other health domains that may be adversely affected by stimulant use or its treatment, such as sleep disturbance, cognitive function, mood, weight gain, quality of life, and anhedonia, since it has been shown to improve many of these domains in a number of other clinical disorders. Furthermore, neurobiological evidence provides plausible mechanisms by which exercise could positively affect treatment outcomes. The current manuscript presents the rationale, design considerations, and study design of the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Clinical Trials Network (CTN) CTN-0037 Stimulant Reduction Intervention using Dosed Exercise (STRIDE) study.</p> <p>Methods/Design</p> <p>STRIDE is a multisite randomized clinical trial that compares exercise to health education as potential treatments for stimulant abuse or dependence. This study will evaluate individuals diagnosed with stimulant abuse or dependence who are receiving treatment in a residential setting. Three hundred and thirty eligible and interested participants who provide informed consent will be randomized to one of two treatment arms: Vigorous Intensity High Dose Exercise Augmentation (DEI) or Health Education Intervention Augmentation (HEI). Both groups will receive TAU (i.e., usual care). The treatment arms are structured such that the quantity of visits is similar to allow for equivalent contact between groups. In both arms, participants will begin with supervised sessions 3 times per week during the 12-week acute phase of the study. Supervised sessions will be conducted as one-on-one (i.e., individual) sessions, although other participants may be exercising at the same time. Following the 12-week acute phase, participants will begin a 6-month continuation phase during which time they will attend one weekly supervised DEI or HEI session.</p> <p>Clinical Trials Registry</p> <p>ClinicalTrials.gov, <a href="http://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01141608">NCT01141608</a></p> <p><url>http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01141608?term=Stimulant+Reduction+Intervention+using+Dosed+Exercise&rank=1</url></p

Observations on morphological associative memories and the kernel method

The ability of human beings to retrieve information on the basis of associated cues continues to elicit great interest among researchers. Investigations of how the brain is capable to make such associations from partial information have led to a variety of theoretical neural network models that act as associative memories. Several researchers have had significant success in retrieving complete stored patterns from noisy or incomplete input pattern keys by using morphological associative memories. Thus far morphological associative memories have been employed in two different ways: a direct approach which is suitable for input patterns containing either dilative or erosive noise and an indirect one for arbitrarily corrupted input patterns which is based on kernel vectors. In a recent paper (P. Sussner, in: Proceedings of the International ICSA/IFAC Symposium on Neural Computation, Vienna, September 1998), we suggested how to select these kernel vectors and we deduced exact statements on the amount of noise which is permissible for perfect recall, In this paper, we establish the proofs for all our claims made about the choice of kernel Vectors and perfect recall in kernel method applications. Moreover, we provide arguments for the success of both approaches beyond the experimental results presented up to this point. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.314173016718

Lattice Fuzzy Transforms From The Perspective Of Mathematical Morphology

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)The compositions of direct and inverse fuzzy transforms constitute powerful tools in knowledge extraction and representation that have been applied to a large variety of problems in computational intelligence as well as in image processing and computer vision. Fuzzy transforms (FTs) have linear as well as lattice-based versions. In this paper, we extend the latter FTs, known as lattice FTs, and relate these operators and their underlying mathematical structures to the ones of mathematical morphology (MM), in particular to the ones of MM on complete lattices and L-fuzzy MM. (C) 2015 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.288115128CNPq [311695/2014-0]Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Generalizing operations of binary autoassociative morphological memories using fuzzy set theory

Morphological neural networks (MNNs) are a class of artificial neural networks whose operations can be expressed in the mathematical theory of minimax algebra. In a morphological neural net, the usual sum of weighted inputs is replaced by a maximum or minimum of weighted inputs (in this context, the weighting is performed by summing the weight and the input). We speak of a max product, a min product respectively. In recent years, a number of different MNN models and applications have emerged. The emphasis of this paper is on morphological associative memories (MAMs), in particular on binary autoassociative morphological memories (AMMs). We give a new set theoretic interpretation of recording and recall in binary AMMs and provide a generalization using fuzzy set theory.192819

Extreme learning machine for a new hybrid morphological/linear perceptron

Morphological neural networks (MNNs) can be characterized as a class of artificial neural networks that perform an operation of mathematical morphology at every node, possibly followed by the application of an activation function. Morphological perceptrons (MPs) and (gray-scale) morphological associative memories are among the most widely known MNN models. Since their neuronal aggregation functions are not differentiable, classical methods of non-linear optimization can in principle not be directly applied in order to train these networks. The same observation holds true for hybrid morphological/linear perceptrons and other related models. Circumventing these problems of non-differentiability, this paper introduces an extreme learning machine approach for training a hybrid morphological/linear perceptron, whose morphological components were drawn from previous MP models. We apply the resulting model to a number of well-known classification problems from the literature and compare the performance of our model with the ones of several related models, including some recent MNNs and hybrid morphological/linear neural networks12328829

Quantale-based autoassociative memories with an application to the storage of color images

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)In recent years, lattice computing has emerged as a new paradigm for processing lattice ordered data such as intervals, Type-1 and Type-2 fuzzy sets, vectors, images, symbols, graphs, etc. Here, the word "lattice" refers to a mathematical structure that is defined as a special type of a partially ordered set (poset). In particular, a complete lattice is a poset that contains the infimum as well as the supremum of each of its subsets. In this paper, we introduce the quantale-based associative memory (QAM), where the notion of a quantale is defined as a complete lattice together with a binary operation that commutes with the supremum operator. We show that QAMs can be effectively used for the storage and the recall of color images. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.3414SI15891601Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Fundacao AraucariaConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)CNPq [304240/2011-7, 309608/2009-0]FAPESP [2011/10014-3